What are computer networks?
In this digitally connected world, it is possible to interconnect with everyone or anything in many ways. A group of devices or things that are interconnected with each other.Is called a network.So, Computer networks are defined as the number of computing devices interconnected with each other. To exchange information, either by one device to another or by direct connection. The connection between the devices is a wireless or cable connection. Devices might exchange information or resources. Through many topologies, such as TCP/IP, Hypertext transfer protocol, etc.So,The U.S. introduced the first network. Department of Defense in early 1960, called the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
The mechanism of packet switching was used to transfer information to people in the military through telephonic communication. The components like routers, hubs, and switches of a computer network play a major role in transmitting data to wide-range or local area networks. Network topology is the structure of the network how the components are interconnected, and it is easy to understand the transmission time of data. There are different types of topologies, like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree (Bharti, 2019).So,Computer networks are classified into different types. Some of the network types are PAN (personal area network), LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), and MAN (metropolitan area network).
PAN (Personal Area Network)
An individual person can use a network to connect within a range of 10 meters to 30 feet for personal use.So,Thomas Zimmerman proposed it. A low-range network is connected to it via Bluetooth or USB. An example of a PAN is a laptop or PC.
LAN (local area network)
Privately owned local areas connect to the network, excluding schools, hospitals, and organizations with outsourced users.So,The network limits its speed range to 100 to 100 Mbps. It is a secure connection.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
The metropolitan network covers the city or town.So, It is in between LAN and WAN. An example of a MAN network is a cable TV network connection.
WAN (wide area network)
It is a wide-range network that covers a country or continent to transmit the data.So, It is larger than LAN and MAN networks. An example of WAN is a 5G network or Internet connection that covers the world (Rohdia, Mehmi, & Yadav, 2014).
A network of computers forms the well-known Internet.So, In connecting the world, networks become the main part of transferring data or for communication. Without the internet, it is difficult to increase the economic growth of the world.
Cloud Computing
In the industrial field, cloud computing is widely used and is one of the most emerging and significant technologies.So,Cloud computing collects and stores information with on-demand delivery of network resources, like a word cloud collects and stores water molecules. It is an Internet-based technology that delivers hardware and software applications as a service to users. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as a pay-as-you-go model because users have to pay for the service they use. So, it is a cost-effective technology (A, Saleem, Swar, Kumar, & Sharma, 2022). It is the process of distributing services to users without human interaction. The architecture of cloud computing is a collection of servers that provide services that are scalable to meet the real-time demand for applications. So,The cloud computing model consists of three service models and four types of clouds. The service models are:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
This model provides services to access hardware appliances like storage and computing power, which connect virtually. It is also known as hardware as a service.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
This service model allows users to run their own web applications on a platform without worrying about infrastructure.
Service as a Service (SaaS)
One can install and run software applications on the internet without the need to manage platforms and infrastructure. The SaaS example is sales CRM.
Cloud computing provides three different types of deployment models for users. It allows us to recognize the nature of IT servers.
Public Cloud
A single person owns and manages the cloud. It only provides access to the owner and services provided as per the owner’s demand.
Private Cloud
An organization or business manages the cloud, which provides services to all people. It is a paid service as per people’s demands.
Hybrid Cloud
It is a combination of public and private cloud services. Safety is the main priority for this cloud.
With advanced IT infrastructure, we easily manage the technology.So, Users of the cloud have the power to restore and back up information if it is lost. Users must be aware that having high internet connectivity may result in internet outages. Cloud services offer unlimited storage capacity to users (Gulhane & Nimodiya, 2022). It is difficult to work in a hybrid environment with multiple users; it may lead to the exchanging of information between users who are using the same storage access and may cause cyberattacks or account hijacking that result in the theft of sensitive information from the organization. Cloud computing has numerous advantages and disadvantages, followed by real-time challenges.
Internet of Things (IoT)
It is an evolving technology with numerous advantages and excellent efficiency. The Internet of Things refers to things connected to the internet.So, In this digital world, everything is dependent on the internet. This technology is easily accessible with a high transformation of information.So, The technology increases by evolving smart devices with enhanced productivity. It plays an important role in future development and developing the quality of life in this modern technological world.So,Kevin Ashton named the first IoT device, referred to as bitcoin, in 1999. IoT provides flawless connections between people.
Every smart device, like a mobile phone, washing machine, refrigerator, and fan, runs with IoT technology (Mouha, 2021). Previously, the IoT’s three-layered architecture is now a refined model consisted of five layers designed to meet the physical world. So,Today, advanced technology enables automatic connections without the need for human interaction. It is developing in every field, facing significant challenges all over the world.So, In the business field, machines communicate with each other and applications in the cloud using a baseline protocol. Moreover, cloud computing also uses IoT in order to perform effectively.
Real-Time Appliances And Provide
The usage of IoT technology in robotics industries gradually increases. They develop automatic systems in robotics so they could perform human activities without inserting a task to them in the healthcare industry, IoT performs extremely well to monitor real-time appliances and provide a sustainable environment. So,Home appliances like automatic fans and lights with voice assistants help people to operate anywhere through mobile phones (Kaur, 2024). IoT sensors used in Fast-Tags scan IP addresses automatically and deduct tax from their bank account in order to clear traffic problems and save time.
Not only does IoT have multiple advantages for humans, it also makes people lazy and requires upfront investments. IoT is the key element to arising different technologies like blockchain, nanotechnology, etc. In the IT sector, we collect and store large amounts of information in secure locations. So,One of the major drawbacks of IoT is e-waste, as increasing the number of electronic and digital devices creates a great impact on the environment and sustainable development.
See these Links:
Content Monetization
Content Monetization Explained: Models, Platforms, & Strategies
Check for Sample Content:
Report on Different Types of Data Analytics Frameworks
Financial Ratios