Computer Networks
A computer network is the system of transferring and sharing data between two or more devices. It is also known as client-server if one node serves the other nodes and other devices are included in the network. So,The connection of the devices includes everything from mobile to the server with help of fiber wires or completely through a wireless connection over Wi-Fi. The first computer network was Arpanet which is a technology that helps to break the data into smaller bits and send them without the help of the network.
Computer network works with the help of nodes that are in the form of any computer device like a PC or printer which follow a common set of rules that are called communication protocols (Stewart, 2024). These protocols help to identify the transmitting data, formatted, and received information.So, The nodes might be in any form like smartphones, computers, printers, which are able to send, receive the data, and forward the information from one to other devices. Cables or signals act as information transmitting devices which carry the physical data between devices like computers and routers that are in the form of 0’s and 1’s in the digital information format. There are mainly four types of networks.
Local Area Network (LAN)
It is a private network whichconnects the devices up to the extent area like home, school, office etc., this is a network which connects the devices like computers, printers, and servers to share the information and resources.
Personal Area Network (PAN)
This is a network which is helpful for connectingdevices within short range like smartphones, computers, laptops, wearable devices, and printers. The devices connected to personal area networks can share the internet naturally, using technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
This network is useful for sharing the data or the resources in a large range of area and it is a type of network which connects multiple Lan’s together which allows the multiple users from various locations to share the data and to communicate with each other. VPN’s and the satellite connections which are used to set up the WAN connections that help in sharing applications and files over various locations from one to another person.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
This network acts as a connection between wide area network and local area networks which connects large areas like cities and various towns to share large amounts of data or resources with high speed. This works with high-speedinternet to share large number of files over many persons like business organizations, institutions, and government offices.
Cloud Computing
is the technology of delivering various services or resources over the internet which include applications and tools like servers, databases, software, storage, networking. Cloud works as on demand network accessservice in which the user access services of the cloud at anytime and anywhere without any problem (BasuMallick, 2021). So,Different types of IT services are provided through cloud computing’s deployment models. Public cloud provides its services to everyone through the internet. Anyone can purchase or use the services offered by the public cloud. These services are available to the users for free or buy it and they will only be paying for how much they use the services. So,Private cloud provides its services for only one authorized organization. Outsiders are not allowed to use the organizations.
This cloud provides different services like high security, self-service, control over the data and customization. Third-party groups are unable to access the organization’s sensitive data, which is secured at a high level.Finally, Hybrid cloud is the combination of both public and private cloud features, the organizations will use the resources of the cloud in the form of pay as you go instead of maintaining the resources and purchasing them. There are 3 different service models available in the cloud.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Users can directly access and use these services without installing or setting up any software on their devices via the internet or any browser. So,This cloud service works under subscription process and these services are in remote cloud network. It reduces the installation cost as we directly use the services on a browser and there is no need for any additional hardware.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
An individual can develop applications using this service without having to build or maintain any applications themselves. It provides all the resources to the users to develop applications that are based on cloud. The user can access the services from the cloud service provider in a pay-as-you-go process with a secure connection. So,Developers use the services and complete their work quickly by self service capability of the cloud. The PaaS comes with a good security process with encrypted data, mechanism of authentication to protect the data.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
In this service a third-party host will organize the services of the cloud by providing servers, networking, storage to the users. There is no need to maintain any cloud related infrastructure by the user as they have control over the applications, storage, and the network.
Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT needs fast internet like Wi-Fi to perform the given tasks on time without any delay. IoT is now working with most of the services like wearable smart wrist watches. To measure the burning rate of calories in the body, keeping health records, GPS trackers are the better examples. It is now expanding into the health sector to help the doctors. Keep a health record of the patient and monitor them. So,These devices, according to the author, can be used to set alarms in emergency situations and help prevent such emergencies for patients.The IoT might be helpful to the metro cities in managing the traffic problems.
data about traffic jams
The IoT will collect huge amounts of data about traffic jams. And inform drivers to take alternate directions to reach their destinations quickly. The internet of things is very useful in collecting the effective data for the growth of the business. Accessing technology is very easy as we just need a smart device and good internet connection. The performance of smart devices is very fast as it quickly receives the user commands and responds to that. So,The IoT makes human lives easier and saves money through its cost efficiency. Monitoring of devices is simplified. So,Internet of things helps the industrial sector for smart manufacturing. Of the goods and services in time to reach their customer needs and growth of the business.
The sensors detect pending works or damage to the goods. And immediately take action to produce and market the goods on time. So,It is also beneficial to the automotive industry. Which helps in identifying the failures of the vehicle. On the road to the drivers that might help them to react immediately. IoT helps in the retail industry to manage stock inventory and reduce the costs by knowing the customer experience. As the internet of things is now becoming more emerging. So,Technology to leaves the users with good experience of using the IoT devices and helps in gaining knowledge.
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