Computer Networks
A computer network is the communication between two computer devices. It is used for sharing and transformation of information. Computer devices are connected through fiber optics wires and some devices are wireless. Computer network deals with computer security architecture and maintenance. It is the combination of different computer branches such as computer science, telecommunications, computer science, and engineering described by the author (Kumar, 2019). Computer networks are used in software industries to share files and video calls and access information through the Internet. Nodes and links are the two basic components of computer networks. Computers share information using nodes and links with similar protocols.
There is an interconnection between nodes and links. Devices such as computers and mobiles are directly accessing applications. Servers are used to store data of applications. These servers provide information for the user on request. Routers transfer data packet sources to the destination. These routers are network paths for the data transformation. Links are classified into two types such as wired and wireless. Optical fibers and twisted pairs, coaxial cables are the different types of wires. Optical fiber transforms the data in the form of light. Wireless data transformation is connecting through the network in the form of radio and electromagnetic signals.
transport layer and application layer
All nodes follow some common protocols. These protocols are divided into four categories such as network layer and internet layer, transport layer and application layer. The network layer sends data packets to various networks. The internet layer is provided for packing data and for data transformation. The transfer layer is transferring data from one network to another network. The application layer provides an interface between a user and the application. various types of networks are present based on geographical areas. personal area network (PAN) connects one person and different devices.
The local area network (LAN) is connected to limited areas, for example, schools and hospitals, offices are using LAN. Large areas are associated with a wide area network (WAN). Countries and cities, states are using it. Many sectors including education, government, and healthcare use computing networks.
You can access data through these networks at a very low cost anywhere.
Network saves operational of systems. Network-connected devices give huge storage for data storing. People increase the performance of the network by connecting more processors. These devices provide security for data and decrease data errors. People also back up data using networking devices.
Cloud computing
Cloud computing various services such as data storing and processing. Clients access the data across the world. Cloud servers maintain the cloud data. Cloud computing is classified intothree types of services. They are public, private and hybrid. Public cloud services are third-party providers. The public cloud provides services to everyone. It offers free services as well as paid services. These public services are very useful for businesses to maintain and manage data. It delivers software and hardware, infrastructure to develop the applications. Private cloud delivery services for single organizations. It offers various services such as security of data and flexibility, control and optimization.
Public service is less secure compared to the private cloud. Sometimes private cloud offers third parties to access their private cloud. The private cloud is responsible for its network infrastructure and data management. A cloud is a combination of public and private. A hybrid cloud allows to sharing of information or data and applications between public and private. A hybrid cloud has greater flexibility and gives more deployment tools and compliance (Lokesh, Mohame, & Bhupendra, 2022). There are three categories of cloud services such as infrastructure as a platform (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS).
network and interfaces
Infrastructure as a service storage, network and interfaces. The user has control of operating systems data storage and applications. The vendor hosts the client’s applications and tools such as hardware and software, data storage and infrastructure. Platform as a service (PaaS) provides a platform of development and deployment for users. It allows people to develop applications without complexity. It allows users to create new applications and create innovations. Cloud delivers services pay as you want. People use PaaS for planning and software maintenance.
Businesses mostly use Software as a Service (PaaS) for maintenance. PaaS is provided for maintaining all software and malware and security. So,In this no need to install applications or apps. people access applications through the network. So,cloud reduces costs, avoids buying physical devices and software, and maintains datacenters. Cloud has various subscription options. So,People access the data via the internet, various people access the data from different locations. In different locations, people collaborate with other businesses and expand their business.So, The cloud offers data storage and data backups. New technologies are constantly updated, and data-centers are located everywhere in the realm of cloud computing. So,People deploy their applications in just seconds. Cloud classified into two types front end and backend. So,The frontend is interacting with people. The client changes their scale of usage down to up.
The Internet of things
Things connected to the Internet without human interaction are the Internet of Things.So, In IOT physical devices are communicate with each other and themselves. Smart devices are collecting information from user via camera and other IOT devices. So,The data transforms from smart devices to IOT software appliances. Using artificial intelligence and machine learning theses servers take a decision andreturn back decisions to smart devices. So,Smart devices implement the server decisions (Radouan, 2021). IOT categorized into three types such as edge computing and cloud computing, machine learning. So,Smart devices use edge computing technology to send and receive data. It decreases the communication delay and increase the response time.
Various devices access and manage data through cloud computing.So, machine learning is used to analyze the data take real time decisions using software tools and algorithms.IOT systems make life comfortable. By connecting IOT devices to homes, it will improve the working efficiency and safety of house. Automatic switch off lights and finding missing items like phones and car keys. Making vacuum and coffee automatically. Switch on lights using sensors. smart homes are increasing the security of home. Home security systems such as door locks and water detector security cameras and prevent from threats. Detectors detect the fire and smoke.
cars are monitor car systems
Smart cars also useful.So, Smart cars are monitor car systems such as accelerator and break, operating systems. In accident time smart cars opens air bags and inform the family members.So, Smart have car tracking system it will help in monitor parents and also finding car in accident time. It will observe the car systems and fuel levels and decrease then cost.Industries use IOT systems to manufacture products and reduce downtime.
It will also monitor the machine working and predict the machine failure, before it happens. So many industries are using IOT machines and improve their work efficiency. Automobile industries are using IOT appliances for example IOT system make troubleshooting in faster and automatically replace the body parts.
Hospitals are also using IOT systems for observe and monitor the patient health condition like heart rate and blood plus. So,Some detectors are detecting the patient position become more serious. IOT systems implementing is very costly. Manage and maintain IOT is very challenging. Persons with specialized skills are needed to solve complex problems.
IOT controls large amount of data with security. These systems are monitor and combining data and make system schedule automatically.
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