Computer networking
Advancement in Computer Networking is high in last 10 decades. The exchange of data between different computing devices is called computer networking. Different computing devices include laptops, desktops, tablets, and smartphones. The data or files that are stored in the central node can be used by any organization. Computer networking makes communication easy and quick. It helps to operate virtually from anywhere. Key components of computer networking are nodes and links. Links help us to send and receive data from different mediums.
Connections can be wired or wireless. There are special devices such as switches, routers, hubs, bridges, gateway, Nic. Switches help to connect devices to other networks in homes and organizations. Switches are connected without making use of any cables. Routers help to protect from security threats. Hubs are the local area networks that connect multiple computers or devices. Bridge filters the incoming traffic and divides the network into sections which improves the performance of the system. It connects different local area networks. Gateway helps to connect with different networks. It tracks the incoming and outgoing traffic.
Networking types
There are different types of networks such as LAN, PAN, WAN, CAN, MAN, SAN, VPN, and WLAN. A local area network, LAN is a connection within the shortest distance. For example, we connect laptops to the Internet in our homes we also print from a printer by using the LAN. PAN, a personal area network is a single person’s device. It is approximately 10-meter range. For example, we share a photo with a nearby device using PAN. WAN is a wide area network utilization is main in government, corporations, and international companies.
Internet use by remote workers to get information using WAN. CAN is a campus area network that help educational areas such as schools, and colleges. They connect through CAN to communicate with each other. MAN is a Metropolitan area network which connects with a wide geographical range. It covers a wide metropolitan area. SAN is a storage area network that uses and stores large amounts of data to maintain a high-speed network. VPN is a virtual private network that provides secure and private connection. WLAN is a wireless local area network that shares connectivity to various devices within the local area.
Cloud computing:
Cloud Computing is new form of advancement in computer networking. The technology is used to manage, process, and store data. Cloud can be used as a data backup and also offers a single corporate data center. Data such as text, video, and audio can be stored in the cloud. Millions of data can be stored in the public cloud. Each data has a unique ID. Users can quickly deploy the applications on new VMs and maintain the updates. Users can pay for the usage of data and what they consume. The cost grows if the usage is higher.
Security is the main concern. Many users use the network IP address and port for easy and secure access. It follows a Single-instance model applies physical resources virtualization. Multiple users belonging to different companies and various fields use the same physical server but are separate at the VM level. The software, data, and applications used by one user cannot be accessible to another user. Utilizing different VMS ensures Data leakage prevention. Cloud bursting is a method that highly applicable in hybrid cloud deployment. Its deployment strategies such as private cloud deployment, public cloud deployment, and hybrid.
Cloud computing uses
When an application runs in a private cloud and requires additional capacity, it shifts to a public cloud.When the private cloud reaches its capacity and the workload increases, it automatically switches to the public cloud and frees up space in the private cloud. We create high-level folders and subfolders in a hierarchical file structure so that we can easily access files such as text, audio, and video.
If there are no sub-folders then we cannot manually access the folders. If the data is very old and not used then it can be migrated to S3. Additionally, the object storage concept holds all the data in a flat address space. Data backup saves from data loss. Data replication is used in the cloud for high backup of data and recovery. For categories in cloud computing are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. IT Infrastructure uses servers and operating systems in Infrastructure as a Service. In addition, developers can create and make web applications using a platform as a service, without having to worry about the infrastructure, storage, servers, and databases for development. Therefore, users access and use software applications over the Internet through the Software as a Service model.
Internet of Things:
IOT is another form of advancement in computer networking. The Internet of Things is a collection of connected devices. It allows to sharing of data among a variety of devices. Additionally, Sensors collect and share data from physical devices such as vehicles and appliances. IoT Supports devices to communicate with each other Internet-enabled devices. Furthermore, businesses can also improve productivity and efficiency with the help of IOT devices. Therefore it helps to collect and analyze large amounts of data in real time. Previously, desktops, tablets, and smartphones were link to the Internet. So, with the help of IoT, practically all appliances are connecting to the network through the Internet to access remotely.
Each IoT devices have its own identity with an IP address to track the things. It can manage temperature, humidity, energy consumption, and air quality. Medical equipment can also use IoT devices. They can collect a patient’s heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure. So that they can detect patterns to find any health issue. The use of IOT can enhance traffic management performance, depending on the traffic queue. In manufacturing, we check the machine’s performance and find any equipment failures by using effective IOT. In addition, in smart control of robots, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, washers, dryers, home theaters smart glasses. Use of Sensors for checking the temperature and humidity is a common practice.
Internet of Things Application:
In agriculture, farmers use IoT devices to check soil moisture content, weather patterns, and crop growth. They also use these devices to monitor the health of their crops. Additionally, In business, we use IoT devices to track shipments and improve product placement, enhancing the customer experience. Vehicles and shipments checking is the parameter in transportation evaluation for their performance. There are four layers of architecture in IoT which are the object sensing layer, data exchange layer, information integration layer, and application service layer.
In the object sensing layer it senses the physical objects and gains data. The data exchange layer, it helps in the transmission of data. In the information integration layer, the information gathering and integration are key activities. Furthermore, in the application service layer, it provides services to users. There are also many challenges in using IoT. There are chances of getting cyber-attacks who have access to personal data. In addition, data overload is also one of the main concerns because they use a vast amount of data and they cannot handle or manage it. lastly, Investing in software, hardware, and infrastructure is quite costly. The amount of energy or power consumption is also challenging.
Block chain technology, grid computing are some other forms advancement in computer networking.
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